Video Cards | Nvidia & AMD Graphics Cards. Who manufactures most of the GPUS in the market today? Two companies manufacture most of the graphics processors (GPUS) on the market today, Nvidia and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). Nvidia builds the Ge. ![]() Force and GTX lines of cards, while AMD builds the Radeon series. Why do I need a Video Card? Video cards create the graphics you see when you use your computer. If you're reading this text right now, it's thanks to the graphics card in your system. At minimum, upgrading this part of your PC can give improve your computer's performance in day- to- day tasks by making applications load faster and render smoother. If you choose a higher- performing model, graphics cards can help you run the latest games at high resolution or across multiple displays. Because video cards specialize in rendering graphics, they are able to generate virtual images with generally higher performance than CPUs. This gives your system the extra processing power it needs to play games, run 3. D design applications, or to just give you a smoother day- to- day user experience. What are the different options for Video Cards? Options for video cards vary widely, so it all depends on what you want to do with your computer. For users who use their computers mainly for internet access and email, there are lower level video cards that help the graphical interface of applications render faster, and perform other behind- the- scenes functions to allow for an overall improved user experience. Mid- range cards are designed for users that like to play some games, watch HD movies, or do some lighter graphics work such as photo editing. Then there are performance- level video cards which are aimed at users who play graphically- intense games, create 3. D models and animations, edit and render video, or overclock their system to improve performance. Users who compete in games where the difference between winning and losing can be decided by a single shot use the latest NVIDIA Ge. Force and AMD Radeon cards. Their blindingly fast clock speeds, multiple processors, and large memory capacity make them a must- have for any gamer who wants to increase their K/D ratio to a fearsome level. Professional designers, architects and 3. D artists might be more in the market for NVIDIA Ge. Force GTX and AMD Fire. Pro GPUs, which provide robust, reliable performance without the heavy price tag of their more powerful peers. There are also TV tuner cards that can allow you to view and record regularly broadcast programming right on your desktop computer to watch at your convenience. Depending on the applications and general use of your system, the options for video cards can be very broad. Are there unique things a GPU can do that CPUs can't perform? Video cards will often include proprietary technologies to perform functions that your system wouldn't be able to do otherwise. These can include such things as recording video or game footage, high- performance 3. D rendering, and advanced multi- monitor support. What are some things to keep in mind when looking for a Video Card? Which type of video input can your monitor receive? If your monitor only has a VGA connector, you don't want to buy a video card that only outputs in HDMI unless you buy an adapter to go with it. ![]() Learn how to edit videos in Adobe Premiere Pro with these easy-to-follow Premiere Pro video editing tutorials. My Choice. I prefer gaming-style graphics cards for photo editing. Most of the photo editing and rendering software I use as a YouTube content creator runs well with. Once you have learned the art of editing a video from software, the next thing would be picking the best computer for video editing. Video editing not only. What technologies are supported by the video card in question? Multiple Radeon video cards can be connected together through AMD's proprietary Cross. Fire technology to speed up the rendering of 3. D graphics, but only if the cards in question have the capability to do so. Examples of these technologies include AMD Cross. Fire, NVIDIA SLI, Open. GL, and Direct. X, etc. Where will I plug the video card into the motherboard? There are 3 ports that are used to connect graphics cards to the motherboard: AGP, PCI, and PCI Express. These ports are not interchangeable, so make sure to research the connectors available on your motherboard before you purchase your new card. The type and capacity of video memory (i. DDR3, GDDR5 clock rate specs, etc; 5. MB, 2. GB etc.) included on the graphics card is also an important factor in selecting the right card for your system. What are the differences between entry level, performance and high- end graphics cards? Video cards can be roughly broken down into 3 levels of usage: entry level, performance, and high- end/gamer. Entry- level users are often on a budget or not too interested in video processing performance. Entry- level video cards are geared toward users who may occasionally play a game or two on their computer, but are usually running at low settings. Oftentimes this class of video cards is more suited to those that use their computers for non- gaming related activities such as web browsing or watching Youtube videos. The graphics cards that are considered entry level are usually very energy efficient and low in cost, but are only suitable for simple home theater PC, multimedia, or office tasks. Performance or midrange users require a step up in terms of performance and gameplay. The graphics cards in this class offer a lot of value and features for the money. They can power more demanding PC games, but they generally cannot achieve high frame rates on the latest ones at their maximum video settings. These cards are the most popular video cards on the market because they fit the needs of the widest segment of users. High end users and gamers are the ones that want the latest and greatest performance possible, without compromise. The highest- grade graphics cards run every game at max or near max settings, including games that require multi- screen outputs, high end 3d rendering, or 4. K resolution displays. These cards require high- end power and cooling components supporting them; there's no point in building a budget PC and throwing in a high- end card. Every part of your system needs to be top- quality to get the performance desired, which often means high- output power supplies, upgraded fans, or even water cooling. These cards are definitely on the more expensive side of the spectrum, but if you are looking to have the highest performing PC available, this is the way to go. PCIe vs PCI? What is SLISLI (Scalable Link Interface) as we know it was first released to the public sector in 2. An SLI configured system will have two discrete graphics cards, both of which must use the same GPU (Graphics Processor Unit), e. GTX 5. 80s but not one GTX 5. GTX 5. 70; they don't necessarily have to be from the same manufacturer however. These cards also must be installed on a compatible motherboard which will have two (or more) PCI- Express x. NVIDIA's own n. Force or one of Intel's newer (P5. X5. 8 or later) chipsets- don't take my word for it though, always check with your motherboard's manufacturer rather than assuming it does or doesn't. Linking the two cards is an SLI bridge, a small connector that provides a 1. Gbps connection between the two cards, allowing them to function without stealing bandwidth from the PCIe bus. The SLI Bridge should be included in the purchase of any SLI compatible video card. What is Cross. Fire. ATI stepped into the multi- graphics card racket a year later than did NVIDIA, but their offering is no less strong and is actually a little more forgiving. ATI Radeon cards don't necessarily have to posses identical GPUs to be Cross. Fired; any two cards from the same family, e. HD 5. 87. 0 and HD 5. This makes it easier to upgrade to Cross. Fire, since you don't have to buy two or three of the exact same card all at once to ensure proper linkage. To compensate, Cross. Fired cards are able to more dynamically share the rendering workload. NVIDIA cards typically split the work between them 5. ATI cards can vary the ratio, giving less work to the slower processor and allowing the stronger of the pair to shoulder the greater burden. Like SLI, Cross. Fire requires two (or more) PCI- Express ports, two (or more) compatible cards, and a compatible motherboard chipset. Though neither Cross. Fire nor SLI compatible boards are particularly rare, motherboard chipsets much more commonly favor AMD's Cross. Fire. X, to the point that, if there are two PCI- Express slots on a board, and it doesn't specifically advertise SLI compatibility, it's safe assume it was built with Cross. Fire in mind. What is the quietest video card out there? For the purposes of this quietest video card discussion, we're going to look at the quietest air cooled "modern" generation graphics cards out there.
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Já vai um bom tempo que não vejo, comercializadas em feiras livres, bacias e lixeiras feitas de pneus. Cheguei a pensar que o produto e uso tivessem fixado moradia no baú das lembranças, onde dormem os sacolões de napa, aqueles que nunca apareciam duas sacolas iguais e que por isso, eu pensava que fossem brasões de família. Quanto às bacias, não raro era ver nas casas, roupas de molho na super- pesada- bacia de pneu. ![]() Para cobrir o fundo pregavam uma grossa tábua nas rebarbas debaixo e por fora do pneu.. Eu era muito criança para atentar tantos detalhes mas, me lembro que tinham alças nas laterais, feitas do pneu mesmo, para ajudar no transporte. Lá em casa nunca tivemos uma bacia de pneu, talvez por falta de quem a carregasse. Haja coluna para tanto peso! Mas, deixando descansar no passado o uso das bacias como bacias. A ideia do objeto em si ainda é interessante, ecologicamente correto e, para minha surpresa, ainda em uso como engenhosos vasos e floreiras. O passo- a- passo básico, peguei no Lar Criativo e vamos precisar de. Serra elétrica. Com a faca, faça um corte para facilitar a entrada da serra elétrica. Com a serra elétrica corte toda a lateral de um dos lados do pneu. Aqui a jardineira já está pronta, o Lar Criativo sugere forrar o fundo com jornal ou tecido antes de colocar a terra. Eu sugiro a antiga ideia de um pedaço de tábua boa e grossa, pregada na parte inferior do pneu (sem a necessidade de cola ou vedante pois os espaços entre os pregos servirão para drenagem da água).. Vaso taça (de pneu). Outra ideia da hora é o passo- a- passo deste vaso. Peguei no Cosas Cositas y Cosotas con Mesh. Utilize pneu e roda. No primeiro pneu (no canto inferior da foto) vemos a marcação para o corte. Parece uma estrela multipontas, uma explosão. Depois de cortado vire o pneu pelo avesso, forçando a roda para baixo.. Pronto! Depois de alguns exercícios de alongamento e menos pneuzinhos na cintura, temos o vaso, faltando só a pintura. Para a pintura, peguei a dica lá no Cacareco, podemos utilizar tinta a óleo ou automotiva com compressor. Show de bola! Pneus com Batatas. E mais uma dica do Gardel Silveira, lá do Sítio Curupira. Amo passear por este site, mesmo à distância posso captar a boa energia desse paraíso. Pneus sobrepostos dão um ótimo canteiro sobrelevado para ervas e hortaliças. Além de práticos são ergometricamente corretos. Pode- se também plantar batatas (doce e comum) dentro de um pneu preenchido com húmus ou composto pronto. Quando o pé de batata florescer e cumprir seu ciclo é só desmanchar a pilha de pneus para colher as batatas. Este é um ótimo exemplo de canteiro vertical e pode ser usado em pequenos espaços desde que tenha incidência de sol." - Gardel Silveira. Horta com pneus. Aqui, outro passa- a- passo para uma hortinha caprichada, postado pela Lanna Pimentel. MDF) 2. 0cm de largura cada. Corte os pneus transversalmente e vire- os pelo avesso formando duas bacias côncavas. Molhe a faca na água para deslizar e facilitar o corte. Se o pneu for radial, use serra e depois passe as bordas em um esmeril para retirar as pontas do arame. Cada bacia pode ser dividida em três partes para o plantio. Na primeira pode ser plantado cebolinha, coentro, salsa ou alface. Na segunda pode plantar pimenta, pimentão ou couve. E na terceira tomate rasteiro ou tomate cereja. Pregue as duas tábuas, uma ao lado da outra, deixando meio centímetro entre elas. Coloque uma bacia plástica embaixo do pneu para servir de reservatório. Desenhe nas tábuas um círculo de 3. Cole o tampão circular na parte inferior da bacia de pneu. Se optar pelo madeirite ou MDF faça 2. Outras pegadas inspiradoras. As palavras em destaque são links para os posts de origem. Iran Has Pivoted to Video. The classic US stereotype of attempted Iranian ideological indoctrination via chants of “Death to America” and such has been old hat for quite some time. As noted by the New York Times on Saturday, in the past few years Iranian pro- government propaganda efforts have increasingly taken the form of rap videos glorifying the country’s military, spread on sites like local You. Tube equivalent Apparat and apps like Telegram. The Times rounded up some of the most high- profile attempts to appeal to the nation’s youth by pairing Iranian rappers with sweeping shots of military personnel and CGI- infused battle scenes, some of which are pretty over- the- top. They’re fascinating to watch, especially at a time when the current presidential administration has gone full hawk on Iran. Wasted money on unreliable and slow multihosters? LinkSnappy is the only multihost that works. Download from ALL Filehosts as a premium user at incredibly fast speeds! ![]() They’re also more than a little uncomfortable, both because they show an oppressive government’s approach to a digitized era of propaganda and, if we’re being honest, they do kind of resemble pro- military media produced in places like the US. One video highlighted by the paper features Amir Tataloo, a musician with a “hard- partying, gangster- style reputation,” who extolled “our absolute right / to have an armed Persian gulf” while singing alongside naval personnel on the frigate Damavand. The Simpsons fans may notice a strong “Yvan Eht Nioj” vibe.)Another video from last year, titled “We Will Resist,” cost $2. US fighter jets bombing a mosque by a sunny beach, flanked by newly constructed oil refineries. A battalion of Iranian youth carrying flags retaliate by charging towards the water, conjuring up a gigantic tidal wave which sinks the US Navy’s Fifth Fleet. Another released in 2. Seraj Cyberspace Organization, which is affiliated with the Iranian Revolutionary Guards’ Basij volunteer militia, shows Iranian- backed fighters in Syria taking the fight to ISIS insurgents flying the terror group’s infamous black flag.
The video features Hamid Zamani, who the Times noted was the mastermind behind the anti- imperialist song “USA.”“By Zaynab, we are the defenders of Damascus!” the singer croons as a sniper takes out an ISIS fighter in slow- motion. Husayn’s sister calls us to the Golden Shrine / How can the flames of death possibly set it ablaze?”Another Iranian propaganda effort highlighted by the Times was the 9. CGI action film Battle of the Persian Gulf II, which stars an animated version of Quds Force commander Gen. Qassem Suleimani annihilating US troops and naval forces.“The Americans threaten us, we want to say, ‘If you attack us, if you dare to do so, a rain of hot melted lead will be poured on you,” co- creator Farhad Azimi told the paper. The American aircraft carriers, vessels and warships will be sunk and converted into beautiful aquariums in the bed of the Persian Gulf.”So yeah, all this is unsettling. But again, lest Americans get too high on their horses about this, the US military- industrial complex, its marketing partners and Hollywood filmmakers have basically been doing higher- budget versions of the same thing for decades. One of the more obvious examples is the NFL, where flashy flyovers with high- tech military jets, troops marching with flags and even camouflage jersey sales have been a fixture for years, and the military has pumped tens of millions of dollars into patriotic displays at sports games. Others include the close relationship between the military and the video game industry, or its tight collaboration with the movie industry. Indications are strong President Donald Trump’s administration is seeking ways to back out of the US- Iran nuclear deal, per CNBC, which would set the stage for tensions to escalate rapidly—though with stakes a good bit realer than CGI tsunamis and bullet time. [New York Times]. Google has removed roughly 300 apps from its Play Store after security researchers from several internet infrastructure companies discovered that the seemingly. Read CNN News18 breaking news, latest news from India & World including current news headlines on politics, cricket, business, entertainment and more only on News18.com. The New York Times has collected podcasts for recent college graduates with advice on careers, personal finance, and “adulting.” As the last Millennials leave. What to Say Instead of "You're a Fighter" When Someone Is Very Sick. There’s this thing we tend to do when we hear the awful news that people we know or admire have cancer or other dire diagnoses. We transform them into courageous warriors, ready to battle and conquer the forces of the evil disease. The DevOps movement brings application development and infrastructure operations together to increase efficiency and deploy applications more quickly. They’re suddenly heroes. Fighters. It can feel odd to them because just a bit ago, they were everyday humans, sometimes brave, sometimes scared shitless, trying to navigate the twists and turns of life like everybody else. Upon learning the news that John Mc. Cain has an aggressive type of brain cancer, the senator was sent a flood of well wishes from past and present American leaders, all sounding a bit like an infantry soldier pep talk. Barack Obama tweeted, “John Mc. Cain is an American hero & one of the bravest fighters I’ve ever known. Cancer doesn’t know what it’s up against. Give it hell, John.” In a White House release, President Donald Trump stated, “Senator John Mc. Cain has always been a fighter.” Mike Pence wrote, “Cancer picked on the wrong guy. John Mc. Cain is a fighter, and he’ll win this fight too.” Gabrielle Giffords gave the rallying cry, “You’re tough! You can beat this. Fight, fight, fight!”In trying times is more important than ever to consider the feelings of those around you. We are…Read more In a way, the surge of support felt unifying, at least for this moment in this instance—John, the world is behind you and sends you strength. But for some cancer patients and their families, the war metaphors felt problematic, misplaced. In an opinion piece for The Independent, Anthony Wilson took issue with describing cancer as a “battle,” believing this type of language hands responsibility for recovery to the patient and perpetuates a myth that only those who “fight” survive it. If a person dies, does that then mean he lost? Also, it gives the patient an added mental toll on top of the physical one he has zero control over. I can say after a day on a chemotherapy drip, you feel the battle is being done to you, not that you are choosing to fight in one yourself,” Wilson shared on his blog. As Josh Friedman wrote in a piece for Time, “Toughness and courage are staples of our cultural business. But these are not how we survive cancer. We survive cancer through luck, science, early detection and real health insurance.”Kelsey Crowe, an empathy scholar and founder of the organization Help Each Other Out, says we need to find other ways to talk about late- stage cancer diagnoses and other illnesses—and yes, we should be talking about it. Crowe is the co- author of the book There Is No Good Card For This: What To Say And Do When Life Is Scary, Awful, And Unfair To People You Love. Here’s what she believes would be helpful to say when you just don’t have the right words. I’m Sorry This Happened to You”Crowe says “I’m sorry this happened to you” is a more impactful statement than “I’m sorry.” She explains, “When you say, simply, ‘I’m sorry,’ it can feel like you’re saying, ‘I’m sorry about your whole life.’ It can feel a little pitying. But by rooting it in, ‘I’m so sorry this particular thing happened to you,’ you’re not presuming to know how a person’s feeling about it, and you’re not suggesting that you feel sorry for their entire existence.”Those who are going through something really horrible may believe that people want to avoid them, as if they’re contagious. When you say you’re sorry about this one tragedy, it disconnects their identity from the tragedy, and they’re free to be themselves again. The person might say, “Thank you, it sucks,” and then talk to you about it. How Are You Doing Today?” In the book, Crowe and her co- author Emily Mc. Dowell write that people often operate under this assumption that they need to find the exact right words, but really, it’s all about listening. Crowe says, “You can say, ‘I heard the news. This must be tough. How are you doing today?’ and then let the person tell you if it’s tough or not.”Some People Do Want to Be “Fighters” While many don’t appreciate the word “fight,” some do, Crowe tells me. We should pay attention to the language they use. Sometimes, people do need a sense of resolve, something to bolster them to get out of bed and that metaphor of fight can do that,” she says. Even Quakers who are nonviolent Pacifists have a line in sports events and it goes, ‘Fight! Fight! Inner light! Kill, Quakers, kill!’ That can mobilize people. It’s a rallying call to get through another day. So I wouldn’t give up on that language if the person is still using it.” She adds that if you’re in regular conversation with the person, you can address your language around the illness. You can easily ask how somebody wants to talk about it,” she says. You can say, ‘It seems like some people don’t like the word ‘fight.’ What word would you like me to use?’ You can always ask.”. Instagram is possibly the most popular social network not available for computer. It started as an iPhone app that allows users to share photos via the Instagram. Yo tengo el instagrille, y entro a mi perfil de intagra, puedo ver mis fotos y todo pero no las puedo subir desde mi compu a instagram. Je voudrai savoir si y'a un moyen d'utiliser instagram sur pc?? apparament il faut utiliser google chrome est telecharger avec google play mais je comprend pas. Crear una cuenta en Instagram en menos de 5 minutos. Como ya expliqué en el artículo “¿Qué es Instagram?“, esta red social está completamente enfocada a los dispositivos móviles (smartphones y tablets) y esto hace que sea una plataforma totalmente distinta del resto. Hasta ahora estábamos acostumbrados a utilizar las redes sociales desde nuestro PC, pero los tiempos cambian y el mundo de las tecnologías aún más rápido, así que el equipo de Instagram, viendo la velocidad a la que crece el mundo de internet móvil, ha decidido desde primera hora centrarse en ese perfil de usuarios.¿Instagram sólo para terminales móviles? Esa es la primera gran pregunta que se hace todo usuario que empieza a usar Instagram, y la respuesta es SI “a medias“. Digo “a medias” porque es cierto que Instagram tiene un sitio web al que podemos acceder desde cualquier PC sin necesidad de tener instalada su aplicación, pero lo cierto es que sólo nos sirve para configurar las opciones de nuestra cuenta y administrar las aplicaciones que tengamos conectadas Instagram, ahora desde los perfiles web de Instagram se puede hacer prácticamente de todo, excepto subir fotos. ![]() Comienza a usar Instagram. Si tienes un smartphone o tablet Android, un i. Phone o un i. Pad y desde hace pocos días (2. Windows Phone, podrás entonces en apenas unos minutos empezar a compartir tu mejores imágenes y vídeos con Instagram.¿Has instalado alguna aplicación en tu smartphone antes? Si la respuesta es si, ya tienes el 8. Instagram es igual de sencillo de instalar y aún más fácil crearte una cuenta. A continuación puedes ver un vídeo tutorial de cómo hacerlo paso a paso para que en apenas 3 minutos ya puedas entrar en Instagram: Descarga e instala la aplicación. Da igual que lo hagas desde la App Store (si tienes un i. Phone o un i. Pad), desde Google Play (si tienes un smartphone Android) o desde la Windows Phone Store (si tu teléfono funciona con sistema Windows Phone), haz una búsqueda con el término “Instagram”, encuentra la aplicación y sigue los pasos de instalación. Abre Instagram. Una vez instalado, abre la aplicación y pulsa en el botón “Registrarse“. Introduce tus datos de registro. Ahora te pedirá una serie de datos básicos para poder registrar tu cuenta. Usuario y contraseña. Esos van a ser los datos de acceso a tu cuenta, si hace falta tómate unos minutos para elegir un buen nombre de usuario (que sea fácil de recordar y que no sea muy largo) y una contraseña segura. Nombre y dirección de correo electrónico. Estos son los datos básicos del perfil, por eso debes tener cuidado de introducirlos correctamente, sobre todo la dirección de correo electrónico. A esa dirección se enviarán tus datos y tu nueva contraseña en caso de que tengas que modificarla en algún momento. Número de teléfono(opcional). Este dato NO es obligatorio para hacer el registro, así que no te recomendamos que lo rellenes. Hace ya algunos meses que Instagram está usando un sistema de verificación por SMS para acabar con los perfiles falsos. Así que te recomendamos que SI registres tu número de teléfono para evitar problemas a la hora de verificar tu perfil en caso de que Instagram te lo pida. No olvides añadir el prefijo de tu país, en España por ejemplo, el prefijo es +3. Completa los datos de tu perfil y empieza a usar Instagram! Escribe el nombre que quieres que aparezca cuando compartas tus fotos con tus amigos, rellena algunos datos personales; tu verdadero nombre, una descripción sobre ti, la url de tu web o blog, tu fecha de nacimiento y algunos datos menos importantes. Hecho esto, haz tu primera foto, aplicale algún efecto o filtro que te guste y compártela con tus amigos!¿Te gustaría aprender a usar Instagram como un profesional y conseguir miles de seguidores de calidad? ![]() Phil González, el fundador de Instagramers (la comunidad de usuarios de Instagram más grande del mundo), te desvela en su nuevo curso todas las claves y trucos que él mismo aplica en su cuenta de Instagram y que le ha permitido alcanzar la friolera de 2. Una oportunidad única para aprender del mejor. Un curso 1. 00% online con más de 3 horas y media de vídeo con ejemplos y trucos que difícilmente encontrarás en otros sitios.¡QUIERO APRENDER ESOS TRUCOS! Recuerda confirmar la dirección de correo electrónico que usaste para registrar tu cuenta. Al terminar el proceso de registro, Instagram te enviará un email de confirmación a tu dirección de correo electrónico. Simplemente tienes que hacer clic en el enlace “Confirmar dirección de correo electrónico” y ya tendrás tu correo verificado. ![]() El email que recibirás debe ser parecido a este: Y tú, ¿qué opinas de que Instagram solo se pueda utilizar en smartphone y tablets? ACTUALIZACIÓN: (2. A partir del pasado 2. Instagram para Windows Phone. Eso si, se trata todavía de una versión en fase Beta, es decir, en fase de pruebas y que por el momento está algo limitada en cuanto a funcionalidades. Por tanto, todas aquellas personas que nos han preguntado si podían instalar Instagram en Nokia Lumia, que sepan que ya es posible hacerlo descargando esta versión Beta desde la Windows Phone Store. Ahh, se nos olvidava una cosa. Por favor si te ha parecido útil este artículo nos ayudarías muchísimo clicando más abajo en los botones de “Google“, “Facebook“ y “Twitter“. Teaching materials: using literature in the EFL/ ESL classroom. By Lindsay Clandfield. Level: Starter/beginner, Elementary, Pre- intermediate, Intermediate, Upper intermediate, Advanced Type: Reference material An article discussing ways to use literature in the EFL/ESL classroom. ESL Flashcards provides FREE flashcards for teaching languages for educators, parents, and caregivers. All cards come in PDF format in three easy-to-print sets. Interactive ESL Crossword Puzzles. Practice English Grammar and vocabulary by solving fun crossword Puzzles. Hit the BACK button on your browser after taking each. Literature has been a subject of study in many countries at a secondary or tertiary level, but until recently has not been given much emphasis in the EFL/ESL classroom. It has only been since the 1. ![]() EFL teachers. The purpose of this article is to look at some of the issues and ways in which literature can be exploited in the classroom. There are also links to classroom activities and lessons with literature that you can download and use straight away. What is literature? First of all, any method or approach towards using literature in the classroom must take as a starting point the question: What is literature? The Macmillan English Dictionary gives the following definition: literature / noun. Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Many authors, critics and linguists have puzzled over what literature is. One broader explanation of literature says that literary texts are products that reflect different aspects of society. They are cultural documents which offer a deeper understanding of a country or countries (Basnet & Mounfold 1. Other linguists say that there is no inherent quality to a literary text that makes a literary text, rather it is the interpretation that the reader gives to the text (Eagleton 1. This brings us back to the above definition in the sense that literature is only literature if it is considered as art. Before doing any study of a literary text with your learners, one idea would be to ask them what they think literature is. Attached below is a short discussion lesson you can do with your students on the subject “What is literature?”Why use literature? There are many good reasons for using literature in the classroom. Here are a few: Literature is authentic material. It is good to expose learners to this source of unmodified language in the classroom because they skills they acquire in dealing with difficult or unknown language can be used outside the class. Literature encourages interaction. Literary texts are often rich is multiple layers of meaning, and can be effectively mined for discussions and sharing feelings or opinions. ![]() About • Privacy • Help • Contact; The Starfall Website is a program service of Starfall Education Foundation, a publicly supported nonprofit organization.Literature expands language awareness. Asking learners to examine sophisticated or non standard examples of language (which can occur in literary texts) makes them more aware of the norms of language use (Widdowson, 1. Lazar 1. 99. 3). Literature educates the whole person. By examining values in literary texts, teachers encourage learners to develop attitudes towards them. These values and attitudes relate to the world outside the classroom. Literature is motivating. Literature holds high status in many cultures and countries. For this reason, students can feel a real sense of achievement at understanding a piece of highly respected literature. Also, literature is often more interesting than the texts found in coursebooks. Different models of teaching literature in class. There have been different models suggested on the teaching of literature to ESL/EFL students (Carter & Long, Lazar). How the teacher will use a literary text depends on the model they choose. The cultural model views a literary text as a product. This means that it is treated as a source of information about the target culture. It is the most traditional approach, often used in university courses on literature. The cultural model will examine the social, political and historical background to a text, literary movements and genres. There is no specific language work done on a text. This approach tends to be quite teacher- centred. The language model aims to be more learner- centred. As learners proceed through a text, they pay attention to the way language is used. They come to grips with the meaning and increase their general awareness of English. Within this model of studying literature, the teacher can choose to focus on general grammar and vocabulary (in the same way that these are presented in coursebooks for example) or use stylistic analysis. Stylistic analysis involves the close study of the linguistic features of the text to enable students to make meaningful interpretations of the text – it aims to help learners read and study literature more competently. The personal growth model is also a process- based approach and tries to be more learner- centred. This model encourages learners to draw on their own opinions, feelings and personal experiences. It aims for interaction between the text and the reader in English, helping make the language more memorable. Learners are encouraged to “make the text their own”. This model recognises the immense power that literature can have to move people and attempts to use that in the classroom. Attached below are two lessons which draw on a combination of the language approach and the personal growth approach. Both are based on short texts: either extracts or poems. Using literature over a longer period of time – the set novel or reader. The above lesson plans are all based on short extracts or poems and can therefore easily be used over one class period. However, there are very good reasons for encouraging learners to read books. Extensive reading is an excellent way of improving English, and it can be very motivating to finish an entire book in another language. In addition, many international exams have certain optional questions on them that pertain to set novels each year. One option that is now available to language teachers is the wide range of simplified and inexpensive versions of literary texts, called readers (see Onestop Shop for a list of readers for different levels). Setting up a class library of novels and readers, if you have the resources, is an excellent idea. Tim Bowen and Jonathan Marks, in their book Inside Teaching, recommend the following ideas for extensive reading of literature: Hold brief classroom discussions on what learners have been reading (progress reports). Ask learners to describe a book they like in such a way to make others want to read it. Select a short novel which has been recently made into a film or TV series with which your learners are familiar. In addition, there is a list of general questions about novels or readers attached at the bottom of the page that could be given for students to answer in written form (they are based on questions from the Cambridge First Certificate Exam). DIY literature lesson plan. In our first Methodology article on Using Literature, there were two sample lesson plans based on an excerpt or a short story. Both followed a similar lesson plan format, outlined below. This sort of lesson plan works well for extracts from stories, poems or extracts from plays. Stage one: warmer. There are two different possible routes you can take for this stage: Devise a warmer that gets students thinking about the topic of the extract or poem. This could take several forms: a short discussion that students do in pairs, a whole class discussion, a guessing game between you and the class or a brainstorming of vocabulary around that topic. Devise a warmer that looks at the source of the literature that will be studied. Find out what the students already know about the author or the times he/she was writing in. Give the students some background information to read (be careful not to make this too long or it will detract from the rest of the lesson; avoid text overload!). Explain in what way this piece of literature is well- known (maybe it is often quoted in modern films or by politicians). This sort of warmer fits more into the cultural model of teaching literature (see Literature in the Classroom 1)Stage two: before reading. This stage could be optional, or it may be a part of the warmer. Preparing to read activities include: Pre- teaching very difficult words (note: pre- teaching vocabulary should be approached with caution. Often teachers “kill” a text by spending too much time on the pre- teaching stage. Limit the amount of words you cover in this stage. If you have to teach more than seven or eight there is a good chance the text will be too difficult.)Predicting. Give students some words from the extract and ask them to predict what happens next. If it is a play, give them a couple of lines of dialogue and ask them to make predictions about the play. Giving students a “taste”. Lesson Plans and Activities | USCISUSCIS offers lesson plans with instructions and teaching strategies for novice and seasoned ESL instructors preparing students for U. S. citizenship. Lessons include content on American Government, American History, and Integrated Civics covered in the Civics Test as well as language needed for the reading and writing portions of the English Test. Handouts with interactive games and student- centered activities encompass all four language skills: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Please also visit themed resources for classroom use and curriculum development and instructional materials. To supplement your lessons, download the Famous Americans (PDF, 1. MB) 8. 5" x 1. 1" portraits and flash cards. Select See All for additional lesson plans and activities. Download HP PSC 1401 / 1402 / 1408 / 1410 / 1410v / 1410xi / 1417 Driver 5.3.1. OS support: Windows 2000/XP. Category: Printers. Hp psc 1402 free download - hp psc 1310 series, hp psc 1300 series, HP PSC 1400, and many more programs. 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